Archivio · Preprint · 2025
Characterising the clinical associations of hallucinogen persisting perceptual disorder: a retrospective cohort study
Matthew Butler, E.L. Moore, James Rucker, Katharine Lynch-Kelly, Danish Hafeez, Ed Prideaux, Timothy R. Nicholson, Mark H. Edwards, Thomas Pollak
Research Square
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Abstract originale
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<title>Abstract</title> <p>Hallucinogen persisting perceptual disorder (HPPD) is characterised by episodes of altered perception linked to past psychoactive drug use, accompanied by distress and functional impairment. To date, clinical characterisation has been limited in scale. Using TriNetX, a global federated health research network of electronic health records, we conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing clinical associations in individuals with HPPD versus healthy and psychedelic-using controls. Cumulative incidences of psychiatric and medical disorders were compared. Cox proportional hazards models assessed risk factors for developing HPPD, and odds ratios (ORs) were used to evaluate associated conditions following diagnosis. We identified 25,778 individuals diagnosed with HPPD. Prior to diagnosis, high rates of comorbidities were observed, including depressive episodes (29.2%), anxiety disorders (26.2%), chronic pain (15.9%), headache syndromes (14.7%), post-viral fatigue (12.3%), ADHD (6.6%), and fibromyalgia (6.7%). Anxiety and functional somatic syndromes were significantly more common in the HPPD group than in psychedelic-using controls (p < 0.001). Anxiety (OR 1.5) and post-viral fatigue (OR 1.9) predicted HPPD development in psychedelic users. HPPD diagnosis was associated with increased risk of subsequent functional somatic syndromes (OR 2.0) and psychiatric disorders (OR 1.4) versus psychedelic-using controls. This largest-to-date study of HPPD highlights its psychiatric and somatic complexity, with strong associations with anxiety and functional somatic syndromes. Methodological limitations are acknowledged. Further research should explore overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms linking HPPD, visual disorders (e.g. visual snow syndrome), anxiety, and functional somatic syndromes.</p>
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- Preprint
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- Revisione non verificata
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- Accesso aperto
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- Testo completo ripubblicabile (cc-by)
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- OpenAlex
- W4412634367
Autori
- Matthew Butlerautore di riferimentoORCID 0000-0002-9734-6539
- E.L. MooreKing's College London
- James RuckerORCID 0000-0003-4647-8088King's College London
- Katharine Lynch-Kelly
- Danish HafeezORCID 0000-0003-3712-136X
- Ed PrideauxKing's College London
- Timothy R. NicholsonORCID 0000-0002-2350-2332
- Mark H. EdwardsORCID 0000-0002-8616-3753King's College London
- Thomas PollakORCID 0000-0002-6171-0810King's College London
Come citare questo lavoro
Matthew Butler, E.L. Moore, James Rucker, et al.. Characterising the clinical associations of hallucinogen persisting perceptual disorder: a retrospective cohort study. Research Square. 2025. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6818792/v1
Cita sempre il lavoro originale, non questa pagina: l'archivio è un indice, gli autori sono altri.
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